PMC

WF and standard electrode potentials (E vs standard hydrogen electrode, SHE) of carbon materials and noble metal/metal ion couples.

Voltammetric electronic tongue setup
The figure includes the different components for the measuring system including the potentiostat (FRAPlusMini), the sensors with the working electrodes (Ir, Rh, Pt, and Au in the noble metals working electrodes array, connected by “N” to the potentiostat, and Ag, Cu, Co, and Ni in the non-noble metals working electrodes array, connected by “NN” to the potentiostat), the counter electrode, the reference electrode (connected by “Ref.” to the potentiostat), the system with the software for measurement and data analysis, and the sample. The figure also shows the detail on the setup for the urine sample and the electrodes by using a syringe, connected to the reference electrode, and the detail in the electrode array entailing the counter electrode and four working electrodes, whose disposition is shown in the figure for the noble metals array.

Three-dimensional reconstruction of a cochlea the electrode described in in situ (angular insertion depth = 419 degrees). Green = modiolus. (Image courtesy of Dr. Jack Noble, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine).

Three-dimensional reconstruction of a cochlea the electrode described in in situ (angular insertion depth = 525 degrees). Green = modiolus. (Image courtesy of Dr. Jack Noble, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine).